Ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae attenuates mouse acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride via modulation of NF-κB pathway

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae on acute liver injury, and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS:Acute liver injury in mice was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of 25% carbon tetrachloride (olive oil solubilization). The effective parts of ethanol extract from Cortex Albizziae against acute liver injury were screened. The pathological changes of the liver tissues were examined by pathological sections with HE staining. The activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) of the liver tissues were detected, the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were mea-sured by ELISA, and the protein expression levels of NF-κB p65, Bcl-2 and Bax in the liver cells of the mice in each group were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with model group, the serum levels of AST and ALT in low-dose n-butanol phase of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae (AB-L, 4 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) group and high-dose n-butanol phase of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae (AB-H, 8 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) group were significantly decreased. The necrosis extent and degree of the hepatocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly lower than that in model group. Compared with model group, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in AB-H group and AB-L group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The protein level of NF-κB p65 in the nuclei of mouse liver cells in AB-H group and AB-L group were also decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the protein expression of Bax was decreased, the protein expression of Bcl-2 was increased, and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased in AB-L group and AB-H group. CONCLUSION:The n-butanol phase of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae may protect the liver by reducing the activation of NF-κB p65, inhibiting the excessive release of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, and decreasing hepatocyte apoptosis via regulating Bcl-2 and Bax expression.     

基于“言象意”思想的上海方塔园诗意空间营造研究

探析"言象意"思想与园林意境营造之间的联系,总结出立意、取象与尽意的园林意境空间营造方法。以方塔园为例,分析其在立意、取象与尽意等方面的营造手法,证实基于"言象意"思想的营造手法在诗意空间营造中的可行性与实用性,从中得到对现代诗意空间营造的启示:自然与生态精神的追求,传统文化的提取,现代资源的应用与诗性思维的参与。     

Role of TLR4-TRPC6 in LPS-induced NF-κB P65 expression and nuclear translocation in airway epithelial 16HBE cells

AIM: To investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) P65 expression and nuclear translocation in airway epithelial cells (16HBE) for supplementing the mechanism for airway inflammation. METHODS: After stimulating the 16HBE cells with LPS at 1 mg/L for 0, 0.5, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h, the expression of NF-κB P65 at mRNA and protein levels in the 16HBE cells were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB P65 was detected by immunocytochemical staining method. The effects of TLR4 inhibitor CLI-095 at 5 μmol/L and TRPC6 agonist Hyp9 at 10 μmol/L on LPS (1 mg/L)-induced NF-κB P65 expression and nuclear translocation in the 16HBE cells were determined by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunocytochemical staining. RESULTS: LPS increased the mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB P65 and nuclear translocation in the 16HBE cells(P<0.05). TLR4 inhibitor CLI-095 reduced the mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB P65 and nuclear translocation induced by LPS, while Hyp9 enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB P65 and nuclear translocation induced by LPS in the 16HBE cells(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: LPS induces the expression and nuclear translocation of NF-κB P65 in the 16HBE cells via TLR4-TRPC6 signaling pathway.     

基于温度植被干旱指数的曲靖市干旱监测研究

本研究利用MODIS归一化植被指数(NDVI)和地表温度(Ts)产品数据,构建Ts-NDVI特征空间,计算温度植被干旱指数(TVDI),分析评价云南曲靖市2010—2012年的干旱时空分布状况。结果表明,2010年曲靖市遭遇了非常严重的干旱灾害,受灾面积高达研究区总面积的80%以上,基于TVDI指数的旱情动态监测方法适合云南省曲靖干旱监测。本研究建立的温度植被干旱指数模型提高了干旱监测的实用性,在曲靖市干旱监测上具有很好的适应性,可以广泛应用到该地区干旱监测研究中,为曲靖的农业防灾减灾能力和可持续发展提供科学保障。     

养分管理措施对干热河谷火龙果土壤肥力的影响

为阐明火龙果地不同养分管理方式下土壤矿质养分变化特征，揭示土壤肥力质量变化规律，设置施用农家肥（farmyard manure，FM）、套种绿肥（alfalfa，AF）、施用生物有机肥（bio-organic fertilizer，BOF）与凋落物覆盖（litter coverage，LC）4种养分管理方式，通过分析不同处理的土壤肥力指标变化，明确不同养分管理方式对火龙果地土壤肥力质量的影响。结果表明：不同养分管理方式的土壤理化性质变化规律各异，在LC方式下pH低于7，呈弱酸性，其余养分管理方式下均呈弱碱性；LC对土壤有机碳（soil organic carbon，SOC）、有效磷（available phosphorus，AP）、有效锰（available manganese，AMn）、有效铁（available iron，AFe）等土壤养分增效显著，AF对SOC、全氮（total nitrogen，TN）、全钾（total potassium，TK）增效作用较弱，FM以及BOF下SOC及多数有效态元素含量相对较低；土壤速效养分受到pH的影响较大，大量元素与微量元素多呈极显著正相关；不同养分管理方式的土壤质量综合指数表现为，LC（1.793）>AF（0.949）>FM（-0.995）>BOF（-1.747）。LC为土壤养分积累较为适宜的管理方式，其次为AF，FM次之，BOF对土壤养分的积累效应最低，但其对提高作物产量具有较好的作用。     

高压雾化设备在现代农业中的应用

高压雾化设备指利用高压雾化主机将经过精密过滤处理的水,输送到造雾专用高压管网,最后到达造雾专用喷头喷出成雾的系统。高压雾化设备在现代农业中主要应用在设施农业降温、加湿、植保以及景观等方面。其中,设施温室降温时依据地域的气候条件、系统投资、后期维护费用、运行费用、降温效果以及对温室湿度的影响等各种因素,来综合考虑高压雾化与其他降温方式联合使用降温,以期达到最佳效果。根据工程项目使用高压雾化设备的经验总结了相关建议,以期为实际生产提供参考。     

Regulatory role of l-proline in fetal pig growth and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation

l-proline (Pro) is a precursor of ornithine, which is converted into polyamines via ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Polyamines plays a key role in the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells. The study investigated the effect of Pro on polyamine metabolism and cell proliferation on porcine enterocytes in vivo and in vitro. Twenty-four Huanjiang mini-pigs were randomly assigned into 1 of 3 groups and fed a basal diet that contained 0.77% alanine (Ala, iso-nitrogenous control), 1% Pro or 1% Pro + 0.0167% α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) from d 15 to 70 of gestation. The fetal body weight and number of fetuses per litter were determined, and the small and large intestines were obtained on d 70 ± 1.78 of gestation. The in vitro study was performed in intestinal porcine epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells cultured in Dulbecco''s modified Eagle medium-high glucose (DMEM-H) containing 0 μmol/L Pro, 400 μmol/L Pro, or 400 μmol/L Pro + 10 mmol/L DFMO for 4 d. The results showed that maternal dietary supplementation with 1% Pro increased fetal weight; the protein and DNA concentrations of the fetal small intestine; and mRNA levels for potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 1 (Kv1.1) in the fetal small and large intestines (P < 0.05). Supplementing Pro to either gilts or IPEC-J2 cells increased ODC protein abundances and polyamine concentrations in the fetal intestines and IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). In comparison with the Pro group, the combined administration of Pro and DFMO reduced the expression of ODC protein and spermine concentration in the fetal intestine, as well as the concentrations of putrescine, spermidine and spermine in IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the percentage of cells in the S-phase and the mRNA levels of proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-myc were increased in response to Pro supplementation, whereas depletion of cellular polyamines with DFMO increased tumor protein p53 (p53) mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Taken together, dietary supplementation with Pro improved fetal pig growth and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation via enhancing polyamine synthesis.     

Identification of an H1N1 subtype of swine influenza virus and serological analysis

To investigate the epizootic of swine influenza virus(SIV), 60 nasal swabs were collected from a clinical cases of pig farm in Tai'an City, Shandong Province of China in April 2017. SIV was isolated by inoculating into 10-day-old Special Pathogen Free embryonated eggs and the whole genome was sequenced. An H1N1 subtype SIV was isolated and designated as A/swine/Shandong/TA04/2017(H1N1). Phylogenetic analysis showed that apart from the polymerase A(PA) fragment belonging to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 branch, seven genome segments belonged to avian-like H1N1 influenza virus lineage. The cleavage site sequence of the hemagglutinin(HA) protein was PSIQSR↓G, which is a typical molecular biological characteristic. Five potential N-glycosylation sites(N14, N26, N277, N484 and N543) were found in the HA gene. To further investigate the epidemiology of SIV in this farm, the 995 serum samples were assessed with EAH1N1 2009 pandemic H1N1 and H3 N2 antigens. The results showed that the total positive rate was 65.43%. The positive rates of single virus infection detected by EAH1N1, 2009 pdmH1N1 and H3 N2 for serum HI(Hemagglutination inhibition) were 48.35, 30.85 and 7.47%, respectively. The results showed that SIV in Shandong Province has been reassorted in some segments and the SIV-positive rate was high on the SIV outbreak farm. These data provide evidence of an epizootic of SIV.     

减氮配施有机肥对滴灌春小麦花后同化物转运和籽粒灌浆特性的影响

【目的】研究减氮条件下新疆滴灌小麦高产高效的调控途径,分析滴灌春小麦花后同化物转运和籽粒灌浆特性的调控效应,为新疆滴灌春小麦的高产优质栽培提供科学依据。【方法】设置不同减氮配施有机肥处理,采用裂区设计,氮素为主区,品种为副区;于2019年在田间滴灌条件下设置7种减氮配施有机肥水平(N_CK、N₅、N₁₀、N₁₅、N₂₀、N₂₅、N₀),比较分析不同减氮配施有机肥处理条件下,强筋小麦新春38号和中筋小麦新春49号的花后同化物转运及籽粒灌浆特性的变化。【结果】在灌浆期内,花后干物质(茎、叶)随灌浆期推进呈先升后降趋势,峰值出现在花后14 d,而穗干物质则呈逐渐增大的变化。随减氮配施有机肥程度增加,2个品种的花后干物质积累、花后干物质转移率、花后贡献率、粒重及灌浆各参数均呈现先增后减的趋势,在N₁₅处理下各指标均达到最优值,N₁₅>N₂₀>N₂₅>N₁₀>N₅>N_CK>N₀。2个品种的快速累积持续时间(t₂~t₁)、平均灌浆速率(V_mean)、最大灌浆速率(V_max)与粒重间均存在显著关系,且平均灌浆速率与粒重间的直接效应最大,2个品种的直接通径系数为1.034 7和0.957 3。在N₁₅处理下, V_mean相比其它处理分别增长了1.92%～30.58%(新春38号),1.02%～27.93%(新春49号)。【结论】在减氮配施有机肥处理下,以N₁₅处理(85%N+15%有机肥)的花后干物质积累量、花后转运率及贡献率最高,籽粒粒重最高,与之相关的灌浆各参数表现最优,即N₁₅处理为最优配比组合。